The Vanished library of Pergamum, an ancient wonder known to be one of the foremost libraries of world history, was founded by Eumenes II (197-159 BC), the King of Pergamon, who aimed to take initiative to enhance the fame and prestige of Pergamon by molding it into a cultural capital. The library was established as a center of Scholarship of researches, second in size only to the Library of Alexandria located in Egypt regard to collections of volumes and reputation of scholars. Constructions dedicated to public entertainment and aesthetic decorations are well established as well. After the death of Eumenes II, however, with his son Attalus III succeeding the throne, (r. 138-133 BCE), the entire kingdom of Pergamon was bequeathed to Roman Public as a state in Asia Minor. And subsequently, following with the dissociation of the Republic, which was triggered by the assassination of Julius Caesar, Pergamon fell into the hands of Mark Anthony who rules the East after defeat of the assassins in 42 BCE. The next year, dipped with passion to the queen of Egypt, it was said that he have given over 200,000 volumes to his lover, presumably in attempt of restocking the library of Alexandria (was partially returned under will of emperor Augustus later on).
The glory of pergamum continued on until the second half of the 3rd century. With destruction caused by an earth quack and a following sack from the Goths, the city slowly declined without appropriate renovation. The arrival of Christianity changed the atmosphere and custom of the city even further. Remarks of such site was no longer mentioned by historians in details, referring the loss of significance in its significance.
The library is located near the upper Acropolis of the Pergamon, occupying several rooms in the right-ground. The Temple of Athena is located in the back, where here now is only a ruined Byzantine tower. The library is consisted of four rooms,the largest one that occupied most of the space is reading room that lined with many shelves. A slight empty space was left between the outer walls and the shelves allowing adequate air circulation, and thus avoid the library from becoming overly humid in the warm climate of Anatolia. Such design serves as an early attempt at library preservation. A statue of Athena, modeled after her statue in the Parthenon, stood in the main reading room.